Breathing Easy: A Simple Guide to BOAS in Pugs

What Is BOAS?

BOAS stands for Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome. It’s a condition that affects flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds like pugs, bulldogs, and Frenchies. Because of their short skulls and squished noses, these dogs often have too much soft tissue crammed into a small space—making it harder to breathe.

Think of it like trying to breathe through a straw while running. Not fun, right?

Why Does It Happen in Pugs?

Pugs are bred for their adorable flat faces, but this comes with some anatomical trade-offs:

  • Narrow nostrils (stenotic nares)

  • Elongated soft palate (the back of the roof of the mouth is too long)

  • Narrow windpipe (trachea)

  • Crowded nasal passages

These features can block airflow and make breathing a real effort—even at rest.

Signs to Watch For

BOAS symptoms can range from mild to severe. Keep an eye out for:

  • Loud breathing or snoring (even when awake)

  • Panting excessively, especially in warm weather

  • Struggling to exercise or tiring quickly

  • Gagging or retching

  • Overheating easily

  • Blue gums or tongue (a sign of low oxygen)

  • Collapse or fainting (in extreme cases)

Some pugs may also have sleep disturbances or regurgitate food due to pressure on the throat.

What to Do If You Suspect BOAS

  1. Limit exercise—especially in hot or humid weather.

  2. Keep your pug cool—use fans, cooling mats, and avoid midday walks.

  3. Watch their weight—extra pounds make breathing harder.

  4. Avoid stress and excitement—these can trigger breathing episodes.

  5. See your vet—early intervention can make a big difference.

Veterinary Diagnosis and Tests

Your vet may:

  • Listen to your pug’s breathing before and after a short walk

  • Examine the nostrils and throat

  • Recommend imaging (like X-rays) to check the windpipe

  • Grade the severity of BOAS based on breathing sounds and effort

Some clinics use a 3-minute exercise test to assess how your pug’s airways respond to mild exertion.

Treatment Options

Mild Cases

  • Weight management

  • Avoiding heat and overexertion

  • Anti-inflammatory medications (if needed)

Moderate to Severe Cases

  • Surgery to:

    • Widen the nostrils

    • Shorten the soft palate

    • Remove excess tissue in the throat

  • Oxygen therapy during emergencies

  • Hospitalization if breathing becomes critical

Surgery can significantly improve quality of life, especially if done early.

Living with a BOAS-Affected Pug

With the right care, many pugs live happy lives. Here’s how to help:

  • Keep them lean and fit

  • Use a harness instead of a collar

  • Avoid hot weather walks

  • Schedule regular vet checkups

  • Know the signs of a breathing emergency